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| 发布者：本站 发布时间：2010-4-28 14:41:04 阅读：3986次 来源：本站原创 双击自动滚屏 |
赵雪伟：听刘怀勇老师讲课有感
2009年10月28日，有幸亲历刘怀勇老师授课，感悟颇深。老师说他某日凌晨两点辗转难眠，于是披衣起床，温读《石涛画语录》，突然茅塞顿开，领会到了写生的三个阶段——结构塑造、局部写生、意象创造。
中午，刘老师详细讲解了关于“心悟”与“造境”的问题，以及中国画艺术的四个境界“物象”、“心象”、“意象”、“气象”。听课后我想：这不正是刘老师对于写生三个阶段的对应吗？第一阶段“结构塑造”，这是建立在“物象”基础上的，也是画好一张作品的两个必备条件之一。画好一张作品既要懂得物理，又要明白画理，物理就是物象的结构关系，能够将物象塑造起来，就是要将结构看的到画的准。比如像盖房子，要先把框架搭起来再添砖加瓦。但绘画又不同于盖房子，绘画是生命体的活动，是具体笔墨的使转开合。刘老师讲过笔有四势：筋，气，骨，肉，这也正是“画理”要解决的问题，可以从古代传统经典作品和书法作品中领会到这一点。
物理与画理相结合再加上对构图的认识与把握可进入到写生的第二个阶段——“局部写生”，但所谓的局部写生并不只是停留在画好一个局部的物象上，而是强调画面的整体性、画面感，更要突出局部的主次对比。要把握节奏感、韵律感，以及对比与调和的关系，还有个人对景物鲜活的第一印象和内心感受。这样就基本完成了由“物象”到“心象”的转化。
清人郑板桥说过：“江馆清秋，晨起看竹，烟光、日影、露气皆浮动于疏枝密叶之间，胸中勃勃，遂有画意，其实胸中之竹并不是眼中之竹也，因而磨墨，展纸，落笔。倏作变相，手中之竹，又不是胸中之竹也。总之，意在笔先者，定则也，趣在法外者，化机也，独画云乎哉。”——《郑板桥集》。这是一种由景到意再到笔笔生发的递进关系，也就是我理解的写生的第三个阶段——“意象创造”。它是一种由物质到精神，由技术到艺术的转换阶段。是一个境生象外。境由心造的过程。人们常说“江山如画”就是说画比江山还美，那是因为高级的艺术作品是精神世界的高级享受，是形而上的境界。风景固然好看，但它是物质的，是形而下的东西。艺术作品的副价值还包括艺术家的学识、修养、人品等等。所谓画如其人，就是指作品中既有技进于道的技巧方法，又有成熟的人生观和方法论，以及作者的思想情操。反映在作品中就是意象的表现。至于气象，那是造化使然，但万千气象又是从修为中得来的。我辈一心向真、向善。种因得果，也非不可到达。苏轼说过“能追无境境，始是不凡人”，刘老师给我提过的“艺海无涯”也是同一意思吧。
最后，再次感谢刘怀勇老师的谆谆教诲！以上仅是我的一点听课心得，愿与同道共勉。
赵雪伟于2009年10月28日深夜
山静而安，云浮而动（赵雪伟作）
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